History of the Fez – Morocco’s Timeless Imperial City
Fez, the oldest of Morocco’s four imperial cities, is a captivating destination that transports visitors back in time. Known for its rich history of the Fez, this ancient city is a treasure trove of culture, architecture, and tradition. From its founding by Moulay Idriss I to its golden age under the Merenids, Fez has played a pivotal role in shaping Morocco’s identity.
The Founding of Fez: A City Born from Vision
The history of the Fez begins in 789 AD when Moulay Idriss I established the city as a small settlement on the banks of the Oued Boukhrareb River. After his death in 791 AD, his son, Idriss II, transformed Fez into a thriving capital. He welcomed refugees from Cordoba (Spain) and Kairouan (Tunisia), two of the most important cities in western Islam at the time. These settlers brought advanced craftsmanship, mercantile expertise, and intellectual knowledge, laying the foundation for Fez’s growth as a center of trade and learning.
During this period, Fez gained its reputation as an intellectual hub. The University of Al Quaraouiyine, founded in 859 AD, became the world’s first university and attracted scholars from across the globe. It was here that the 10th-century Pope Sylvester II studied Arabic mathematics, which he later introduced to Europe.
The Golden Age of Fez: A Center of Knowledge and Power
The history of the Fez reached its peak during the Merenid Dynasty (1248–1465). This golden age saw the construction of Fez el Jedid (New Fez), a royal city that reflected the wealth and confidence of the Merenid rulers. The city’s intellectual reputation grew, earning it the title of “the Baghdad of the West.”
The Merenids also expanded the city’s cultural and architectural heritage. The influx of refugees from the Spanish reconquest of Andalusia brought new ideas and craftsmanship, further enriching Fez’s vibrant culture. The medina of Fez el Bali, with its labyrinthine streets and stunning architecture, became a symbol of Islamic civilization’s grandeur.
Fez in Modern Times: Preserving a Cultural Legacy
After the fall of the Merenids, Fez faced challenges under the Saadian and Alaouite dynasties, as well as during French colonial rule. The city lost its status as Morocco’s capital, and its influence waned. However, the people of Fez played a crucial role in Morocco’s struggle for independence, and their resilience ensured the preservation of the city’s heritage.
In 1981, Fez el Bali was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its historical and cultural significance. This designation helped protect the ancient medina from decline and sparked efforts to restore its architectural treasures. Today, Fez is a vibrant blend of ancient traditions and modern life, offering visitors a unique glimpse into Morocco’s past.
Final Thoughts
The history of the Fez is a testament to Morocco’s rich heritage. From its founding by Moulay Idriss I to its golden age and beyond, Fez continues to captivate travelers with its timeless charm. Whether you’re exploring the medina’s winding alleys or marveling at its historic landmarks, Fez offers an unforgettable journey through time.
